Safe Sex

Hai everyone..now i want to share an important knowledge with u al..its not meant i want to stimulate and teaching u all for havin sex or got free sex..but i think this is really good and important knowledge that everyone should know...so, plez read and understand...=)

Safe sex

Definition

Safe sex is about:
01. preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
02. avoiding unintended pregnancy
03. staying emotionally healthy.
04. Although safe sex practices can be used as a form of family planning, the term refers to efforts made to prevent infection as well as conception. Many effective forms of contraception do not offer protection against STIs.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infection
01. Sexually transmitted diseases (also called STDs or STIs – (sexually transmitted infections) are infections that can be transferred from one person to another through sexual contact.

Common STDs
01. Chlamydia
02. Gonorrhea
03. Herpes Simplex
04. HIV/AIDS
05. Human Papalloma Virus (HPV) & Genital Warts
06. Syphilis
07. Trichomoniasis

Less Common STDs
01. Bacterial Vaginosis
02. Chancroid
03. Granuloma Inguinale
04. Lymphogranuloma Venereum
05. Molluscum Contagiosum
06. Mucopurulent Cervicitis (MPC)
07. Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)

Clinical Features – STDs

Chlamydia

For women, symtoms may include:
01. burning while urinating
02. vaginal discharge or a change in normal discharge
03. bleeding between menstrual cycles, or during/after intercourse
04. increase in pain during menstruation or during intercourse
05. abdominal or lower back pain
06. occasionally causes fever and chills

Symptoms for men may include:
01. itching of the penis
02. pain while urinating
03. discharge from the penis
04. in some cases, there may also be pain or swelling of the testicles
05. About half of men will have no symptoms and many will have only mild symptoms.

Symptoms of rectal infection (men and women)
01. Discharge
02. Redness
03. Painful bowel movements
04. Itchiness
05. Gonorrhea - Gonorrhea is one of the most frequently reported STD. 40% of it's victims contract PID if not treated, and it can cause sterility.
- clinical features similar to Chlamydia.
06. Hepatitis B - A vaccine exists, but there's no cure; can cause cancer of the liver.
07. Herpes – Vesicles. Painful and episodic; can be treated but there's no cure.
08. HIV/AIDS - First recognized in 1984, AIDS is the sixth leading cause of death among young men and women. The virus is fatal involving a long, painful death.
09. Human Papalloma Virus (HPV) & Genital Warts - The most common STD, 33% of all women have this virus, which can cause cervical or penile cancer and genital pain.
10. Syphilis - Untreated, can lead to serious damage of the brain or heart.
11. Trichomoniasis - Can cause foamy vaginal discharge or no symptoms at all. Can cause premature birth in pregnant women.

Less Common STDs

01. Bacterial Vaginosis - Causes pain during urination, and untreated can result in kidney failure.
02. Chancroid - A large, painful blister or ulcer which appears in genital area; may rupture.
03. Granuloma Inguinale - Causes painless ulcers which enlarge and easily bleed.
04. Lymphogranuloma Venereum - Rare in the United States; causes lesions, aching and abscesses in the groin.
05. Molluscum Contagiosum - This virus causes smooth, shiny lesions, which must be individually removed by a doctor.
06. Mucopurulent Cervicitis (MPC) - Causes discharge from the cervix, can result in PID or miscarriage in pregnant women.
07. Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) - Afflicts men and causes urinary problems, can be caused by chlamydia.

How does STIs passed to another person?

These can be passed from person to person through:
01. vaginal sex
02. oral sex
03. anal sex
04. close sexual contact
05. some can be passed from a mother to her child during pregnancy or childbirth
some can be passed from person to person through sharing needles or injecting drug equipment.

What are the Risks?
01. Sexual Behaviour and Risk Levels
02. Different sexual behaviour carries different STI risks:

Red light
(High Risk)
- Vaginal or anal intercourse without a condom

Yellow light
(Low Risk)
- Unprotected oral sex
- Sex with a condom
- Protected oral sex using a condom or dental dam

Green light
(Safe)
- Masturbation with or without a partner
- Abstinence



Prevention of STIs

01. The only form of safer sex is to abstain totally (not have sex at all)
02. Avoid multiple partners
03. Correct and consistent use of condoms
04. Use of Spermicide for bactericidal and viricidal properties.
05. Avoid sex with people who have symptoms of infection.
06. Those who change their sexual partners frequently regular check-ups (three-monthly)
07. Once develop symptoms seek medical advice as soon as possible.
08. Notify partners and screening for partners
09. Saving Sex for Marriage

Contraceptive methods

01. Oral Contraceptive Pill
- With proper use, the Pill is 99.9% effective, making it the most reliable contraception available.
- However, there is a 3% user failure rate.
- The Pill doesn't protect against STIs

02. Condoms
-are 97% effective,
-they protect against most STIs if used consistently and correctly.
-Condoms are the only contraception that can prevent STIs.

03. Female Condom
a. It's the only contraceptive controlled by girls that protects them against pregnancy and STIs.
b. Used perfectly, the female condom has a failure rate of 5%.
c. Spermicide
-contain a chemical called nonoxynol-9.
-form of cream (only for use with diaphragms), gel, foam, film, or suppository.
- By themselves, spermicides are not a very effective method of birth control. For this reason, they should be used with another form of contraception like condoms.
- Benefits
*Along with protecting against pregnancy, spermicide also can protect from bacterial infections and pelvic inflammatory disease.
*used as an emergency contraception

Injection (Depo-Provera™)
01. It is 99.7% effective in preventing pregnancy,
but it can also weaken a woman's bones.
02. Not recommended for teenager

Intra-uterine System (Mirena)
01. The intra-uterine system (IUS) provides reliable, reversible contraception for up to five years.
02. This hormonal method of contraception is more than 99% effective in preventing pregnancy

Contraceptive methods-less effective

Withdrawal
01. In this method, a man withdraws his penis from a woman's vagina before ejaculation
02. Withdrawal really isn't that effective because there may be sperm in the pre-ejaculate.
03. It has a failure rate of about 19%. This means that if 100 couples were to use withdrawal as their only method of birth control for one year, 19 women would likely get pregnant.
04. Withdrawal also does not protect a person from sexually transmitted infections.

Natural birth control methods
01. Natural birth control methods teach women to determine the fertile phase (typically 7 to 10 days long) of their menstrual cycle.
02. Fertile days begin with the first sensation of mucus at the vulva and continue until both the mucus has dried up and the waking temperature has been high for 3 days in a row.
03. To avoid pregnancy, women avoid intercourse on fertile days.
04. 95-98% effective with perfect use (user strictly follows rules to avoid pregnancy)
05. 75-88% for typical use (user may not always follow rules)

Other Natural birth control methods
01. Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is used by a woman who has just given birth and is exclusively breastfeeding.
02. Temperature Method a woman takes her waking temperature to identify a rise in temperature indicating ovulation has passed. Elevated waking temperature for three days in a row is considered confirmation of the post-ovulatory less fertile phase.
03. Rhythm (Calendar) Method is a much less effective natural birth control method. It predicts a woman’s fertile days using calculations based on the length of past cycles.

Contraceptive methods-others

01. Contraceptive Patch –new
- works similar to the pills

02. Diaphragm- A latex cap that covers the
cervix and prevents sperm
from swimming inside.
-failure rate is 4-8%

03. Cervical Cap
-A deep silicone cap that fits inside the vagina against the cervix
- failure rate 20-40%.

04. Contraceptive Sponge
-This disposable sponge containing spermicide -When used in combination with the male condom, the failure rate is only 2%.


Contraceptive methods-permanent

01. Tubal Ligation
for female

02. Vasectomy
for male

Emergency Contraception After Sex

Here are some situations in which EC may be appropriate:
01. had intercourse unexpectedly without contraception
02. forced to have sex or awoke to realize to have sex before
03. partner didn't "pull out" in time
04. had a contraceptive accident, such as a broken condom or slipped diaphragm
05. forgot to take birth-control pills for two or more days before having sex

Two EC methods to choose from:
01. a special formulation called Plan B
02. or a series of four contraceptive pills called the Yuzpe method
03. up to 99 per cent of women who use them are able to avoid an unwanted pregnancy

staying emotionally healthy

To stay emotionally healthy, be in control. It is up to you:
01. when to start having sex
02. when to have sex
03. who to have sex with
04. how to have sex
05. to have safe sex every time.
06. Saving Sex for Marriage

Source : FMHS,Unimas...